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More Services
Coke Drum Scanning and Life Assessment
Scanning of Drum's Internal Surfaces
Berkeley Engineering and Research has developed a new technology for scanning and inspecting internal surfaces of Coke Drums. The new method allows scanning through the top and bottom heads between cycles in 1 hour (the scanner is stationary) and is so accurate you can see most welds in the scan. Scanning through both heads eliminates all blind spots and provides scan data for the top head and conical section.
Color contour plots of the "rolled out" surface of the coke drum (vertical and circumferential profiles) and the scanned data points (densities up to 8 pts per inch) are provided to the customer in any standard data format. Custom formatting is also available. The results can be used to track drum deformation over time, perform a finite element analysis, and estimate a drum's remaining life.
BEAR also offers a full range of Coke Drum analysis and instrumentation services:
- Finite Element Analysis
- Crack Initiation/Growth
- Life Assessment
- Thermal Couple and Strain Gage Instrumentation
"Turn-Key" thermal couple or strain gage data acquisition systems provide statistical histograms of thermal or strain loading and calculate damage rates and remaining life.
BEAR's damage accumulation models predict remaining life using either thermal couple or strain gage data with the same accuracy.
BEAR's Drumsoft Software
BEAR's user-friendly Drumsoft software allows customers to plot radial variation along any vertical section or any circumferential band. Complete Drum Scan data is provided to the customer on a CD in ASCII format for easy access and archiving for future use.
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Contour Plots
BEAR's software can create contour plots of radius variation to allow for the easy visualization of shell bulges and out-of-roundness. These plots can also allow for simple comparisons to prior scans.
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Coke Drum FEA
BEAR can perform complete finite element analyses of coke drums using the true geometry of the drums derived from laser scan data and field measured dynamic temperature, strain and/or pressure measurements. Combining the resulting stresses with those due to the weight of coke hanging on the drum's wall allows BEAR engineers to assess the remaining life of your coke drums as a function of operating conditions.
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High Resolution VIT Photographs
At left is a photograph taken from a drum video showing a liner weld patch (upper weld) and a circumferential weld (lower weld). The VIT video camera used by BEAR allows for very high resolution closeups.
BEAR can also measure crack growth data at operating temperatures using service exposed material and perform detailed fracture analysis at our laboratory in Berkeley, California.
API 571, Fitness for Service
Level 1 Through Level 3 Assessments
Berkeley Engineering and Research provides a full range of Fitness-for-Service services from straightforward Level 1 through complex Level 3 assessments requiring elastic-plastic finite element modeling with cracks and deformed shapes. We can either assist your engineers in setting up MathCad or Excel models with "locked" calculation fields (right) for use by your inspectors, or BEAR can perform the complete analysis.
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Extensive Fitness for Service Research
BEAR has performed extensive fitness for service research, contributed to the writing of the current API 579 Fitness For Service code, and applied our knowledge and techniques to a wide range of products and equipment (e.g. hundreds of pressure vessels and piping systems, including the Alaska Pipeline, rollover protection systems for trucks and automobiles, nuclear waste containers, artery implant and pacemaker connections, and many other devices).
Structural Analysis
BEAR can perform all levels of structural integrity assessment with short notice and rapid results. The finite element analysis model at left analyzes the transition section of a 300' tall, 12' diameter tower during heat treatment of the welds with wind loading. Clients using our services include Chevron, TOSCO, BP, ARCO, the Golden Gate Bridge District, A/C Transit and many others. BEAR can also perform on-site strain gage and thermal couple testing to more accurately assess load conditions, as well as determine material fracture and fatigue properties in our full service laboratory.
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Structural Testing
The cracked 6 inch diameter piping elbow (shown right) is part of a pipe fatigue testing program that was conducted at BEAR for ARCO.
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Static and Dynamic Response Measurements
Strains, Displacements, and Temperature Variations
BEAR has provided static and dynamic measurements of mechanical responses for many of our customers. Examples of mechanical responses include strains, displacements and temperature variations as a function of space and/or time. The measured response can be used for evaluation of component strength, residual stress variation, thermal deformation and dynamic response to impact or explosion.
Computerized Data Acquisition
For static response various measurements can be made at locations specified by our customers. For dynamic response, the measurement can be made as a function of time. Our computerized data acquisition equipment is capable of recording data from 32 independent channels with a rate of up to 40,000 samples per second.
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BEAR can also provide our customers with the specialized software for viewing and analyzing the measured data.
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 The Gimp
 LinuxOS
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Copyright 2003 Berkeley Engineering and Research Incorporated
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