Plures Intelligens Modicum Machinatorem
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MRI Machines
In 2003, Paul C. Lautergur and Sir Peter Mansfiled received the Nobel Prize for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In his acceptance speech, Dr. Lauterbur credits Jerome R Singer, a BEAR Engineering Team member by stating:
Nuclear magnetic resonance began within physics, at a confluence among particle physics, condensed matter physics, spectroscopy, and electromagnetics. Discovery of ways to observe the subtle properties of atomic nuclei in solids, liquids, and eventually gases, earned Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952. Applications to studies of molecular motions and structures began almost immediately. The discoverers themselves, it is told, even used their own bodies as samples. In an early predecessor to MRI, Jay Singer measured blood flow in a human arm, and actual medical measurements were started when Erich Odeblad, a Swedish M.D., constructed apparatus and devised methods to study very small quantities of human secretions for medical purposes. Other biological studies followed, in other labs, using animal tissues, including hearts, and entire small animals.
Dr. Singer holds two patents on the MRI technology.